Stepper motors are generally driven in open loop mode. The controller defines timing of the pulses sent to the driver. The motor must be strong eno...

Today, powered surgical hand tools are used in almost all surgical specialties: ENT, Orthopaedics, Neurology, Eye, and Plastics. Initially pneumati...

The creation of small, portable infusion pumps opened a new chapter in medical care. A patient can receive carefully metered and timed doses of med...